王剀1,2, 陈宏满1, 任金龙3

1 中国科学院昆明动物研究所，昆明，云南，中国

2 Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA

3 中国科学院成都生物研究所，成都，四川，中国

2017年内，我国累计新发现两栖爬行动物新物种22种新亚种2种，隶属于4目，10科17属。其中两栖类包括了无尾目Anura的角蟾科Megophryidae（掌突蟾属Leptolalax、异角蟾属Xenophrys）、蛙科Ranidae（湍蛙属Amolops、琴蛙属 Nidirana、蛙属Rana、臭蛙属Odorrana[见下文关于 Odorrana arunachalensis的属级讨论]）、树蛙科Rhacophoridae（溪树蛙属Buergeria、纤树蛙属Gracixalus、原指树蛙属Kurixalus、树蛙属Rhacophorus）和有尾目的Caudata蝾螈科Salamandridae（疣螈属Tylototriton）；爬行类包括了有鳞目Squamata的鬣蜥科Agamidae（攀蜥属Japalura）、游蛇科Colubridae（后棱蛇属Opisthotropis）、蜥蜴科Lacertidae（草蜥属Takysdromus）、石龙子科Scincidae（石龙子属Plestiodon）、蝮蛇科Viperidae（亚洲蝮属Gloydius）以及龟鳖目Tesudines的地龟科Geoemydidae（闭壳龟属Coura）。

其中，新物种最多的属为异角蟾属（4种），分布于我国东南（广东）和西南地区（云南、贵州），其次是树蛙属和后棱蛇属（各2种），均分布于我国东南地区。从地理格局角度来看，2017年发现描述的新物种分布格局较2016年不同，分散于全国13省及地区（包括钓鱼岛）（2016年则集中于云南和西藏两省）（Wang & Chen, 2017 [22]）。尽管所涉及省份较多，绝大多数新物种集中发现于广东省（4种）和安徽省（3新种1新亚种）。同时，2017年中国增加两栖爬行动物新纪录4种（棱皮树蛙属、异角蟾属、瘰螈属及疣螈属）。

结合先前数据，截止2017年年底，我国共记录报道两栖动物468种，爬行动物481种 (Cai et al., 2015; Wang & Chen, 2017 [22])。在此我们总结2017年所描述新物种，同时本文总结了中国两栖爬行动物在2017年内发生的主要分类变动。

新物种

两栖类Amphibia

新都桥湍蛙 Amolops xinduqiao (四川省) [4]

王聿凡 摄

太田溪树蛙 Buergeria otai (台湾省) [24]

自 Wang et al., 2017 [24]

井冈纤树蛙 Gracixalus jinggangensis (江西省) [30]

吕植桐 摄

冷泉原指树蛙 Kurixalus lenquanensis (云南省) [28]

王剀 摄

猫儿山掌突蟾Leptolalax maoershanensis (广西自治区) [29]

自Yuan et al., 2017 [29]

藏南臭蛙Odorrana arunachalensis (西藏自治区) [16]

讨论：Saikia 等[16]提供的属级划分所依据的形态特征并不具备鉴别性，无法将其新种划分至臭蛙属Odorrana。而依据作者提供的鉴别特征（如钝宽头部）及图片，该物种极可能归属于倭蛙属Nanorana。

自Saikia 等[16]. 上行：正模雄性；下行：副模雌性

南昆山琴蛙Nidirana nankunensis (广东省) [8]

自 Lyu et al., 2017 [8]

大别山林蛙Rana dabieshanensis (安徽省) [20]

自Wang et al., 2017 [18]

栾川林蛙Rana luanchuanensis (河南省) [32]

自 Zhao et al., 2017 [32]

安徽树蛙 Rhacophorus zhoukaiyae (安徽省) [12]

自 Pan et al., 2017 [12]

丽水树蛙 Rhacophorus lishuiensis (浙江省) [7]

王聿凡 摄

红股异角蟾Megophrys (Xenophrys) rubrimera (云南省) [18]

自 Tapley et al., 2017 [18]

南澳岛异角蟾Xenophrys insularis (广东省) [21]

自 Wang et al., 2017 [21]

荔波异角蟾Xenophrys liboensis (贵州省) [31]

自 Zhang et al., 2017 [31]

丽水异角蟾 Xenophrys lishuiensis (浙江省) [25]

王聿凡 摄

安徽疣螈Tylototriton anhuiensis (安徽省) [13]

自 Qian et al., 2017 [13]

爬行类Reptilia

金头闭壳龟大别山亚种Coura aurocapitata dabieshani (安徽省) [19]

自 Torsten et al., 2017. [19]

三线闭壳龟海南亚种Coura trifasciata luteocephala (海南省) [19]

自 Torsten et al., 2017. [19]

红斑高山蝮Gloydius rubromaculatus (青海省) [17]

自Shi et al., 2017 [17]

深圳后棱蛇Opisthotropis shenzhenensis (广东省) [26]

自 Wang et al., 2017 [26]

赵氏后棱蛇Opisthotropis zhaoermii (湖南省) [15]

自 Ren et al., 2017 [15]

怒江攀蜥Japalura slowinskii (云南省) [14]

王剀 摄

钓鱼岛石龙子 Plestiodon takarai (台湾省钓鱼岛) [6]

自 Kurita et al., 2017 [6]

天井山草蜥 Takysdromus albomaculosus (广东省) [27]

自 Wang et al., 2017.[27] 左栏为雄性、右栏为雌性

新纪录及分类变更

Jiang et al.,[10]记录蔡氏疣螈Tylototriton ziegleri为中国两栖类新记录，分布于云南省南部。

自Nishikawa et al., 2013.[11] 雄性正模

Zhang et al.,[33]记录越南瘰螈Paramesotriton deloustali为中国两栖类新记录，分布于云南省南部。

任金龙 摄

康定湍蛙Amolops kangtingensis 被定为四川湍蛙 A. mantzorum的同物异名 [4]

自Fei et al., 2017.[4] Topotypic specimen of A. mantzorum.

Lyu et al., [8]依据分子、形态及求偶鸣叫的声学证据，从拇棘蛙属Babina中恢复了琴蛙属Nidirana的有效性。同时，腹斑蛙N. caldwelli被列为弹琴蛙N. adenopleura 的同物异名。依据其研究结果，琴蛙属目前包括8种，即琉球琴蛙N. okinawana、弹琴蛙N. adenopleura、海南琴蛙N. hainanensis、沙巴琴蛙N. chapaensis、仙琴蛙N. daunchina、林琴蛙N. lini、南昆山琴蛙N. nankunensis以及滇蛙N. pleuraden。

自 Lyu et al., 2017 [8]

依据形态学数据，Hou et al., [9] 将广西棱皮树蛙Theloderma kwangsiense 列为北部湾棱皮树蛙T. corticale的同物异名. 同时文章首次报道双色棱皮树蛙T. bicolor在中国的分布记录。依据研究结果，中国目前记录分布有棱皮树蛙属物种6种，包括了白斑棱皮树蛙T. albopunctatum、背崩棱皮树蛙T. baibengense、双色棱皮树蛙T. bicolor、北部湾棱皮树蛙T. corticale、棘棱皮树蛙T. moloch、以及红吸盘棱皮树蛙T. rhododiscus. [9]

From Hou et al., 2017. [9] A–F 分别为(A) T. albopunctatum, (B) T. baibengense, (C) T. bicolor, (D) T. corticale, (E) T. moloch, 及 (F) T. rhododiscus

Chen et al., [2]依据形态，分子和地理分布数据，建议从广义角蟾属Megophrys sensu lato中恢复无耳蟾属（Atympanophrys）和异角蟾属（Xenophrys），真正的角蟾属局限分布在巽他古陆（Sundaland）。中国先前记录的广义角蟾属物种现被归为无耳蟾属及异角蟾属属下。此外，依据分子数据，记录一中国新纪录，茅索异角蟾Xenophrys maosonensis，分布于我国云南省东南部。

From Chen et al., 2017 [2]

依据形态及分子数据，Kurita et al., [6]将中国石龙子白斑亚种提升为种，即白斑石龙子Plestiodon chinensis leucostictus，分布于台湾东部。而因为形态重叠且分子差异较小，作者建议将中国石龙子台湾亚种 P. c. formosensis 列为指名亚种 P. c. chinensis的同物异名 [6]

自 Kurita et al., 2017. [6] 左栏：中国石龙子台湾亚种Plestiodon chinensis formosensis； 右栏： 白斑石龙子P. leucostictus. 自上而下各行分别代表同种的不同年龄阶段（最上行为幼体）

自上世纪采集后，Wang et al., [23]首次于野外再次发现玉龙攀蜥Japalura yulongensis活体，同时于云南西北部新发现玉龙攀蜥种群，增补其生态、保育及分布数据。

自 Wang et al., 2017 [23]

Wang et al., [26]依据新采标本，对福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli 及香港后棱蛇 O. andersonii 进行了再描述。

自Wang et al., 2017 [26]. 左侧两栏: 福建后棱蛇Opisthotropis maxwelli; 右侧两栏: 香港后棱蛇O. andersonii.

依据全基因组数据，Chen et al., [3]将晨蛇属 Orthriophis 重新划归为锦蛇属 Elaphe 的同物异名，随之坎氏锦蛇O. cantoris，南峰锦蛇O. hodgsoni, 百花锦蛇O. moellendorffi以及黑眉锦蛇O. taeniurus又重新回归锦蛇属。

自 Chen et al., 2017 [3]

参考文献

[1] Cai, B., Wang, Y.Z., Chen, Y.Y. and Li, J.T., 2015. A revised taxonomy for Chinese reptiles. Biodiversity Science, 23(3), 365–382.

[2] Chen, J.M., Zhou, W.W., Poyarkov, N.A., Stuart, B.L., Brown, R.M., Lathrop, A., Wang, Y.Y., Yuan, Z.Y., Jiang, K., Hou, M., Chen, H.M., Suwannapoomm, C., Nguyen, S.G., Duong, T.V., Papenfuss, T.J., Murphy, R.W., Zhang, Y.P. and Che, J., 2017. A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, (106), 28–43.

[3] Chen, X., Lemmon A.R., Lemmon E.M., Pyron R.A. and Burbrink, F.T., 2017. Using phylogenomics to understand the link between biogeographic origins and regional diversification in ratsnakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, (111), 206–218.

[4] Fei, L., Ye, C.Y., Wang, Y.F. and Jiang, K., 2017. A new species of the genus Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from high–altitude Sichuan, southwestern China, with a discussion on the taxonomic status of Amolops kangtingensis. Zoological Research, 38(3), 138–145.

[5] Kurita, K., Nakamura, Y., Okamoto, T., Lin, S.M. and Hikida, T., 2017. Taxonomic reassessment of two subspecies of Chinese skink in Taiwan based on morphological and molecular investigations (Squamata, Scincidae). ZooKeys, (687), 131–148.

[6] Kurita, K., Hidetoshi, O. and Tsutomu, H., 2017. A new species of Plestiodon (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Senkaku Group, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Zootaxa, 4254(5), 520–536.

[7] Liu, B.Q., Wang, Y.F., Jiang, K., Chen, H.M., Xu, J. N. and Wu, C.H., 2017. A new species of the genus Rhacophorus found in Zhejiang, China (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Chinese Journal of Zoology, 52(3), 361–372.

[8] Lyu, Z.T., Zeng, Z.C., Wang, J., Lin, C.Y., Liu, Z.Y. and Wang, Y.Y., 2017. Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China. Amphibia–Reptilia, 38(4), 483–502.

[9] Hou, M., Yu, G.H., Chen, H.M., Liao, C.L., Zhang, L., Chen, J., Li, P.P., and Orlov, N.L., 2017. The taxonomic status and distribution range of six Theloderma species (Anura: Rhacophoridae) with a new record in China. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 24(2), 99–127.

[10] Jiang, Y., Wei, Z.M., Han, F.Y., Ni, Q.Y., Yao, Y.F., Xu, H.L., Li, Y., Rao, D.Q., Zhang, M,W., 2017.The complete mitogenome sequence of Tylototriton ziegleri(Amphibia: Caudata). Conservation Genet Resour, 9:503–506.

[11] Nishikawa, K., M. Matsui, and T. T. Nguyen. 2013. A New Species of Tylototriton from northern Vietnam (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Current Herpetology. Kyoto 32: 34–49.

[12] Pan, T., Zhang, Y.N., Wang, H., Wu, J., Kang, X., Qian, L.F., Li, K., Zhang, Y., Chen, J.Y., Rao, D.Q. and Jiang, J.P., 2017. A new species of the genus Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Dabie Mountains in East China. Asian Herpetological Research, 8(1), 1–13.

[13] Qian, L.F., Sun, X.N., Li, J.Q., Guo, W.B., Pan, T., Kang, X., Wang, H., Jiang, J.P., Wu, J. and Zhang, B.W., 2017. A new species of the genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Southern Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province. Asian Herpetological Research, 8(3), 151–164.

[14] Rao, D.Q., Vindum, J.V., Ma, X.H., Fu, M.X. and Wilkinson, J.A., 2017. A new species of Japalura (Squamata, Agamidae) from the Nu River Valley in Southern Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan, China. Asian Herpetological Research, 8(2), 86–95.

[15] Ren, J.L., Wang, K., Jiang, K., Guo, P. and Li, J.T., 2017. A new species of the Southeast Asian genus Opisthotropis (Serpentes: Colubridae: Natricinae) from western Hunan, China. Zoological Research, 38(5), 251–263.

[16] Saikia, B., Sinha, B. and Kharkongor, I., 2017. Odorrana arunachalensis: a new species of Cascade Frog (Anura: Ranidae) from Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Bioresources, 4(2): 30–41.

[17] Shi, J.,S, Wang, G., Chen, X.E., Fang, Y.H., Ding, L., Huang, S., Hou, M., Liu, J. and Li, P.P., 2017. A new moth–preying alpine pit viper species from Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (Viperidae, Crotalinae). Amphibia–Reptilia, 38(4), 517–532.

[18] Tapley, B., Cutajar, T., Mahony, S., Nguyen, C.T., Dau, V.Q., Nguyen, T.T., Van Luong, H. and Rowley, J.J., 2017. The Vietnamese population of Megophrys kuatunensis (Amphibia: Megophryidae) represents a new species of Asian horned frog from Vietnam and southern China. Zootaxa, 4344(3), 465–492.

[19] Torsten, B., Zhou, T., Li, Y., Tomas, P., Paul, C., Ralph, T., 2017. New subspecies of Cuora cyclornata (Blanck, Mccord & Le, 2006), Cuora trifasciata (Bell, 1825), and Cuora auracapitata (Luo & Zhong, 1988). Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 36(4), 368–385.

[20] Wang, C., Qian, L., Zhang, C., Guo, W., Pan, T., Wu, J., Wang, H.  and Zhang, B., 2017. A new species of Rana from the Dabie Mountains in eastern China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys 724, 135–153.

[21] Wang, J., Liu, Z.Y., Lyu, Z.T., Zeng, Z.C. and Wang, Y.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from an offshore island in Guangdong Province, southeastern China. Zootaxa, 4324(3), 541–556.

[22] Wang, K. and Chen H.M., 2017. Annual Review: Taxonomic Changes and Novelties of Herpetofauna from China in 2016. Published online on AmphibiaChina (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/41).

[23] Wang, K., Ren, J.L., Jiang, K., Yuan, Z.Y., Che, J. and Siler, C.D., 2017. Rediscovery of the enigmatic Mountain Dragon, Japalura yulongensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae), with notes on its natural history and conservation. Zootaxa, 4318(2), 351–363.

[24] Wang, Y.H., Hsiao, Y.W., Lee, K.H., Tseng, H.Y., Lin, Y.P., Komaki, S. and Lin, S.M., 2017. Acoustic differentiation and behavioral response reveals cryptic species within Buergeria treefrogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae) from Taiwan. PloS one, 12(9), e0184005.

[25] Wang, Y.F, Liu, B.Q., Jiang, K., Jin, W., Xu, J.N. and Wu, C.H., 2017. A new species of the horn toad of the genus Xenophrys from Zhejiang, China (Amphibia: Megophryidae). Chinese Journal of Zoology, 52(1), 19–29.

[26] Wang, Y.Y., Guo, Q., Liu, Z.Y., Lyu, Z.T., Wang, J., Luo, L., Sun, Y.J. and Zhang, Y.W., 2017. Revisions of two poorly known species of Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with description of a new species from China. Zootaxa, 4247(4), 391–412.

[27] Wang, Y.Y., Gong, S.P., Liu, P. and Wang, X., 2017. A new species of the genus Takydromus (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Tianjingshan Forestry Station, northern Guangdong, China. Zootaxa, 4338(3), 441–458.

[28] Yu, G.H., Wang, J.S., Hou, M., Rao, D.Q. and Yang, J.X., 2017. A new species of the genus Kurixalus from Yunnan, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae). ZooKeys, (694), 71–93.

[29] Yuan, Z.Y., Sun, R.D., Chen, J.M., Rowley, J. J. L., Wu, Z.J., Hou, S.B. and Che, J., 2017. A new species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Guangxi, China. Zootaxa 4300(4), 551–570.

[30] Zeng, Z.C., Zhao, J., Chen, C.Q., Chen, G.L., Zhang, Z. and Wang, Y.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Gracixalus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Mount Jinggang, southeastern China. Zootaxa, 4250(2), 171–185.

[31] Zhang, Y.N., Li, G., Xiao, N., Li, J.Q., Pan, T., Wang, H., Zhang, B.W. and Zhou, J., 2017. A new species of the genus Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Libo County, Guizhou, China. Asian Herpetological Research, 8(2), 75–85.

[32] Zhao, H.P., Yang, J.X., Wang, C.P., Li, P.P., Murphy R.W., Che, J. and Yuan, Z.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Rana from Henan, central China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys, (694), 95–108.

[33] Zhang, M., Han, F., Ye, J., Ni, Q., Li, Y., Yao, Y. and Xu, H., 2017. The entire mitochondrial genome of Vietnam Warty Newt Paramesotriton deloustali (Salamandridae: Paramesotriton) with a new distribution record from China. Conservation Genetics Resources, 1–4.

2017中国两栖爬行动物新种、新纪录及分类变动

引用：王剀, 陈宏满, 任金龙 (2018). 2017中国两栖爬行动物新种、新纪录及分类变动. 发表于中国两栖类 (http://www.amphibiachina.org/news/55-56)